COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES GRADUATION CEREMONY
Phillip M. Eastman, Ph.D., Dean Kent Neely, Ph.D., Associate Dean
4:00 P.M. May 15, 1999 MORRISON CENTER
Prelude Music ...................... ........... .. ..................................... .......... Don Oakes, Organist
* Processional
Welcome and Remarks ........................... ...................... ..... Dr. Phillip M. Eastman, Dean
Top Ten Scholars ......................................... ............................................. Michelle Dunlop Recognition by Dr. Kent Neely, Associate Dean Karin Schmidova
Ravi Gupta
Reflections .......................................................................... Ravi Gupta, Top Ten Scholar
Presentation of Degrees by Departments Art ............................................................................... : ........................ Dr. Gary Rosine Biology ............................................................................................. Dr. James Munger Chemistry ........................ ............ .................................................... Dr. Richard Banks English ............................................................................................. Dr. Chaman Sahni Geosciences .................................................................................. Dr. Paul Donaldson Mathematics and Computer Science .......................................... Dr. Alan Hausrath Modern Languages ........................................... Dr. Florence Moorhead-Rosenberg Music .................................................................................................... Dr. James Cook Philosophy .......................................................................... Dr. Andrew Schoedinger Physics ................................................................................................. Dr. Robert Luke Theatre Arts ................. ............................................................... Dr. Richard Klautsch Top Ten Scholars/ Associate Degrees/ Interdisciplinary Studies/Student Marshals ................................... Dr. Kent Neely
Interlude ..... .................................................................................. Carole Knight, vocalist "You Will Never Walk Alone"
Accompanied by Dr. James Cook
Student Marshals: Heather Kimmel, B.A. English; Ira Burton, B.s. Computer Science
*Recessional
Families and Friends can meet their graduate at the reception area located on the Northeast Patio on the river side of the Morrison Center. In case
of inclement weather the reception will be held in the Lobby of the Multi-Purpose Classroom Facility, located directly north of the Greenhouses.
*Audience will please stand
HONOR ROLL
BACCALAUREATE
Summa Cum Laude (3.95 to 4.00 Grade Point Average) M-Kendra K. Boneck D-Gadrie Edmunds M-Ravi M. Gupta
D-Jennifer Elaine Ledford A-Anne Maria Nissinen M-Michael Ray Parvin
Magna Cum Laude (3.75 to 3.94 Grade Point Average) M-Debra D. Baker M-Ira Michael Burton M-Michelle Kate Dunlop M-Johnna L. Evans M-Laura Elizabeth Fee M-Loretta Pompeii Flick M-Thomas Richard Gunnell A-Dylan Haas
M-Jacqueline Ann Hartung A-Robert Bruce Landis M-Suzanne Michelle Lee M-Alison Marie Leedy M-Jane M. Norris D-Terry Leeann Rogers D-Karin Schmidova
Cum Laude (3.50 to 3.74 Grade Point Average) M-Erin Elizabeth Archambeault D-Danielle Denise Michele Bailliet M-Colleen Marie Cahill D-David Cearley M-Holly Elliott Clayton M-Irene Juliette Kyllo Deely M-Fem A. Drake M-Denise Fitelson-Nelis D-Christine P. Fox D-Patrick David Griffin M-Ryan G. Holzer M-Janet Marie Howard
M-Linda K. Hughey D-Kenya L. Jenkins M-Heather Elizabeth Kimmel D-David Lee Leader D-Megan M. McJunkin D-Sarah C. Minckler D-Carole J. Mooney M-Shasta Nash M-Kathleen Helvey Nielsen M-Gary Lance Ogren D-Mark Andrew Porter
ASSOCIATE
Magna Cum Laude (3.75 to 3.94 Grade Point Average) M-Gretchen Michelle Sloat
Cum Laude (3.50 to 3.74 Grade Point Average) D-Michelle Helene Armstrong M-Phyllis Jean Stephenson
A-Jonathan S. Pierson M-Brandon M Tuck M-Todd Weible
M-Catherine Nickie Shell M-Kari L. Shepherdson D-Kathryn Ann Smith M-Wendine Rebecca Thompson-Dawson M-Rebecca Lynne Walker M-Angela K. Wallace M-Alan J. Williamson
M-Jared Ray Potts M-Kim Marie Roth M-Michael F. Schuette M-Jared Micheal Scott M-Kari A. Scott M-Curtis Trent Stoddard M-Paul Joseph Taylor M-Larry E. Taylor II M-Juana 1. Torres M-Saul Trejo Leal M-Melissa M. Young
(Calculations for May candidates were made on the basis of grade point average accumulated before the last semester, and there may be differences when final grades are processed. Candidates for second degrees are not eligible for honors designation. All Master candidates must have a minimum grade point average of at least 3.00 and are not eligible for honors designation.)
HONORS PROGRAM
The Honors Program offers exceptional undergraduate students a challenging interdisciplinary curriculum and a rich array of co-curricular activities. Students who have completed the prescribed course of study and have attained a cumulative GPA of at least 3.75 graduate with distinguished honors. Those who have completed the prescribed course of study and have at least a 3.5 GP A graduate with honors.
Distinguished Honors Michelle Kate Dunlop
English, General Literature Emphasis
Laura Elizabeth Fee Music Education
Honors Gary Lance Ogren
Interdisciplinary Studies
M = MAY, 1999 0 = DECEMBER, 1998 A = AUGUST, 1998 S.D. = SECOND DEGREE
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CANDIDATES FOR GRADUATION
COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES
ASSOCIATE OF ARTS A-Greg Herbert Glindeman D-Sarah Lynn Jacobson D-Bonnie B. Oberbillig A-Randi Renay Reamer
M-Ryan J. Rodriguez M-Melody A. Stanbery M-Amy E. Tuck
ASSOCIATE OF SCIENCE D-Michelle Helene Armstrong M-Shari 1. Bowman D-Stephanie Trinity Cantu M-Donna S. Lauchart A-Monique Nicole Maher D-Amanda 1. Myers D-Nick Newcombe
M-LaBerta Pugh-Caba M-Jamie Lynn Richmond M-Gretchen Michelle Sloat A-Tiffany J. Smith M-Gianina E. Soto-Vera M-Phyllis Jean Stephenson D-Robert C. Thompson
BACHELOR OF ARTS, ADVERTISING DESIGN D-Rebecca Lillian Hoth
BACHELOR OF ARTS, ART EDUCATION M-Janet 1. Dingus (S.D.) M-Nancy S. Lumpkin
BACHELOR OF FINE ARTS, ART EDUCATION M-Lorri Chapman M-Suzanne Michelle Lee
A-Mary Katherine Shanafelt D-Michelle 1. Walsh
BACHELOR OF ARTS, GRAPHIC DESIGN M-Jacqueline Ann Hartung D-Tonya Jordan M-Alyse S. Madison M-Philip M. McLain
M-Christi Dawn Miller M-Shannon Sorensen M-Ann M. Winters
BACHELOR OF FINE ARTS, GRAPHIC DESIGN M-Kristin Joanna Berkis M-Bradley Daniel Boggess M-Shawna Merlin Burch M-Colleen Marie Cahill D-Julia B. Curran (S.D.) D-Carissa Amber DeGuzman
M-Jennifer Ann George A-Mitzi Kae Hunt M-TomMort M-Jane M. Norris D-Alzbeta Rudic M-Raymond T. Sparkman
BACHELOR OF FINE ARTS, ILLUSTRATION M-Colleen Marie Cahill M-Jeremy Jay Lanningham
BACHELOR OF ARTS, VISUAL ART M-Timothy Blair Doane M-Lee R. Howell D-Teresa Michelle Johnson M-Alison Marie Leedy M-Kate Rose Lynde
M-Eric Josef Munch (S.D.) M-Susan E. Nugent M-Cindy 1. Rinner A-Josef G. Sali D-Evan E. Worthington
BACHELOR OF FINE ARTS, VISUAL ART M-Jennifer Suzanne Baldwin D-Daniel C. Bates D-Jeffrey William Brown M-Irene Juliette Kyllo Deely D-Carissa Amber DeGuzman D-Jeanne Marie Dodds M-Denise Fitelson-Nelis M-Loretta Pompeii Flick M-Linda Mairee Gilliland M-James Large M-Vered R. Mares M-Edith Schutte Martin (S.D.)
M=MAY, 1999
D-Megan M. Mcjunkin D-Carole J. Mooney M-Shasta Nash M-Heather M. Peacher M-Pamela J. Peterson M-Ralph B. Polasky M-Kim Marie Roth M-Kari 1. Shepherdson M-Paul Joseph Taylor M-Lori D. Tindall M-Frances 1. West
D = DECEMBER, 1998
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE, BIOLOGY D-Jeffrey Philip Aldape D-Patrick 1. Anderson M-Krista Blaisdell Arnaud D-Dennis Atkinson A-Matthew T. Bauer M-Travis J. Blamires D-Christine K. Cannon M-Kirk 1. Christianson M-Thomas Edward Colo M-Dawn Agnes Day Dalrymple M-Johnna 1. Evans D-Abigail Felicity Ferguson M-Kathryn Ouida Gruber-Tyson A-Nicole A. Hayes D-DuJuana J. Hill M-Amy Marie Holly M-Ryan G. Holzer M-Lisa Hulsman M-Jacob Jarvis M-Misty M. Jeter M-Marnie Knotts D-Ellen Elizabeth Kraus M-Misty Dawn Lambing M-Alison Marie Leedy M-Erin Paige Martin
D-Sarah C. Minckler D-Shaun Matthew Moehlmann M-Kathryn Lynn Moore M-Sean Patrick Murphy M-Eric Scott Narad A-Stefanie Pollard A-Kimberly Janelle Sagers M-Jonathan M. Scaggs D-Karin Schmidova M-Michael F. Schuette M-Jared Micheal Scott M-Helen Lois Shepherd Seamons M-Debra Searle M-Colin Richard Soares M-Elizabeth C. Soule M-Larry E. Taylor II A-AnrrC. Temple M-Jason A. Thomas M-Jody Lynn Voorhees M-Angela K. Wallace D-Stephanie Marie Walthall M-Alan J. Williamson D-Geneva Maurine Wyett A-Callie Kaye Zamzow
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE, BIOLOGY, SECONDARY EDUCATION
M-Holly Elliott Clayton M-Kenneth M. Pahlas
A-David Kent Smith
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE, CHEMISTRY - BIOCHEMISTRY EMPHASIS
M-J. Tyler Gould M-Thomas Richard Gunnell
M-Rebecca Knighton M-James Thomas Trent III
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE, CHEMISTRY - GENERAL EMPHASIS
D-James P. Hibbs
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE, CHEMISTRY - PROFESSIONAL EMPHASIS
M-Lisa A. Baker M-Ionicia Jane Dembi
M-Russell Anthony Ho M-Rebecca Lynne Walker
BACHELOR OF ARTS, ENGLISH, AMERICAN LITERATURE EMPHASIS
M-Fern A. Drake
BACHELOR OF ARTS, ENGLISH, GENERAL LITERATURE EMPHASIS
M-Michelle Kate Dunlop A-Eva Michele Gonzales A-Keasa 1. Hollister M-Roxie 1. Hopkins D-Kenya 1. Jenkins M-Carrie Morgan Jones A-Kymber A. Neal
D-Paula Y. Paris D-Mark Andrew Porter M-Aaron John Smith D-Lisa Le Stott A-Angela Sarah Taylor D-Stephanie Dawn Wright
A = AUGUST, 1998 S.D. = SECOND DEGREE
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BACHELOR OF ARTS, ENGLISH, LIBERAL ARTS EMPHASIS
M-Heather Elizabeth Kimmel M-Sheila M. Luque
BACHELOR OF ARTS, ENGLISH, LINGUISTICS EMPHASIS
M-Judith Ann Carroll D-Jennifer Elaine Ledford
A-Jari J. Vesterinen
BACHELOR OF ARTS, ENGLISH TEACHING M-Philip Aaron Allison D-Danielle Denise Michele Bailliet M-Kendra K. Boneck D-Mae Rose Brumet D-Kimberly Ann Brydges M-Kristin Ann Gailbreath M-Curtis Robert Gold M-Kirsti Andrea Grigsby
M-Lucinda Eva Hawks A-Kara C. Hughes D-Jennifer Rebecca Jenks M-Sharon J. McIntyre M-Adam Nichols D-Brett Davin Nordquist M-Charlotte Ruth Ormond-Gray M-Kathleen Elizabeth Paradis
BACHELOR OF ARTS, ENGLISH, TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION EMPHASIS
M-George de Guzman Abaja M-Debra D. Baker M-Lynn Ellen Green Fouts
M-Linda K. Hughey M-David Lee Phillips D-Shirley Jean Wical
BACHELOR OF ARTS, ENGLISH, WRITING EMPHASIS
A-Matthew John Bailey M-Kathryn Ann Baxter D-Marri Champie D-Gadrie Edmunds M-Damon M. Hunzeker D-Sarin M. Jensen M-Kimberly Ann Jobes
M-Fatima Elizabeth Mohammadi M-Matthew E. Moorman A-Jonathan S. Pierson D-Wendy Boyle Silvernail M-Janice I. Todd D-Katherine Salina Toney M-Brandon M Tuck
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE, EARTH SCIENCE EDUCATION
D-Debra G. Keshian A-Robert Bruce Landis
M-Steven J. Rapp
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE, GEOLOGY D-Debra G. Keshian D-Tama Selekof
M-Abraham Lee Shryock
BACHELOR OF ARTS, INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES
D-David Lee Leader M-Gary Lance Ogren
M-Catherine Nickie Shell
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES
D-Tracie Lyn Kern
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE, COMPUTER SCIENCE M-Ira Michael Burton M-Roger D. Clements (S.D.) A-Bruce A. Dyer D-Eric Todd Fialkowski D-Patrick David Griffin M-Jared A. Hopkins M-Brandon H. McKee
D-Alexander A. McMains D-Travis Neil Moats M-Michael Ray Parvin M-Stanley Scott Roberts M-Andrew Paul Shaber M-Todd Weible
BACHELOR OF ARTS, MATHEMATICS M-Wendine Rebecca Thompson-Dawson
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE, MATHEMATICS M-Ira Michael Burton M-Ravi M. Gupta D-Craig A. Held M-Jared A. Hopkins
M-Christopher A. Pentico D-Charise Jodi Presnell D-Roman T. Wachter
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE, MA THEMA TICS, SECONDARY EDUCATION
M-Renae Michelle Knapp M-Cheryl L. Mahoney
M-Donna G. Marcotte
BACHELOR OF ARTS, FRENCH M-Erin Elizabeth Archambeault D-Esther Alice de Veuve
D-Michele Estingoy Ward
BACHELOR OF ARTS, GERMAN D-Robert Henry Getzin II M-Diana Hilke Steiner
BACHELOR OF ARTS, SPANISH M-Jessica Bergeson Call D-Corey S. Christensen D-Jason Dean Collins D-Reginald Ramon Etheridge M-Brent W. Holloway M-Helen M. Johnson (S.D.) M-Amber Otellia Jones D-Eric K. Jones M-Sean P. Kehoe D-Kimberly D. Kohtz-Tilley (S.D.)
D-Craig M. Macfarlane A-Samuel Keene Reading M-JuJia Ann Rogers M-Kari A. Scott M-Juana 1. Torres M-America Cecilia Trejo Huerigo M-Saul Trejo Leal D-Jared L. Williams M-Melissa M. Young M-Scott Anthony Yribar
BACHELOR OF ARTS, SPANISH, SECONDARY EDUCATION
M-Ginger Michele Thompson D-Jon Ander Zubizarreta
BACHELOR OF ARTS, GENERAL MUSIC M-Krista L. Hochstrasser Hess M-Myra Miles (S.D.)
M-Kathleen Helvey Nielsen
BACHELOR OF MUSIC, MUSIC EDUCATION M-Laura Elizabeth Fee M-Brandy Michelle Fiorenza D-Christine P. Fox M-Cathy M. Hansen M-Elena Sharee Manwaring
0-Terry Leeann Rogers D-Jennifer Rebecca Sanders D-Kathryn Ann Smith D-Travis J. Walls
BACHELOR OF MUSIC, PERFORMANCE D-Jennifer Lynne Fife A-Anne Maria Nissinen
A-Stephanie Elizabeth Smith
BACHELOR OF ARTS, PHILOSOPHY D-Melanie J. Anderson D-David Cearley M-Ravi M. Gupta M-Janet Marie Howard
D-Angela Marie Lanning M-Jared Ray Potts D-Sameer S. Yadav
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE, PHYSICS A-Dylan Haas M-Christopher A. Pentico
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE, PHYSICS, SECONDARY EDUCATION
D-Jeremy R. Throne
BACHELOR OF ARTS, THEATRE ARTS, DESIGN OPTION
M-Barbara L. Martin-Sparrow (S.D.) M-Frances C. Maxwell
BACHELOR OF ARTS, THEATRE ARTS, DIRECTING OPTION
M-Jared B. Dalley M-Theodore J. Hurliman
M-Sheri Novak (S.D.) M-Janet Summers
BACHELOR OF ARTS, THEATRE ARTS, DRAMA TIC WRITING OPTION
D-Patricia J. Durie (S.D.) M-Theodore J. Hurliman
M-Sheri Novak (S.D.)
M = MAY, 1999 D = DECEMBER, 1998 A = AUGUST, 1998 S.D. = SECOND DEGREE
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BACHELOR OF ARTS, THEATRE ARTS, PERFORMANCE OPTION
M-Leonora Bernstein M-Jared B. Dalley D-Amber Denise Hartley A-David Jake Huntsman
M-Theodore J. Hurliman A-Juliet J. Jenkins A-Isaac N. Perelson D-Jennifer Page Stockwell
BACHELOR OF ARTS, THEATRE ARTS, SECONDARY EDUCATION
M-Sheri Novak (S.D.)
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN RAPTOR BIOLOGY D-David L. Anderson M-Brian Wade Smith D-Christopher Douglas Danilson M-Jason Alan Sutter
MASTER OF ARTS IN ENGLISH M-Linda F. Chaffee-Kirby A-Jennifer M. DiGrazia M-Anna Christine Eaton-Merkle M-Tamara Emerich A-Wayne R. Fischer D-Paula Marie Fisher M-Stacie Melissa Lewton
D-Susan Nelson Nunamaker M-Quinn R. Pritchard M-Sandra J. Roseburg D-Daniel Joseph Skinner M-Ann Lorraine Smith M-Jonelle R. Warnock
MASTER OF ARTS IN TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION
M-Susan R. Berrey D-Dawn A.J. Burns M-Carrie Marie Nielson
M-Karen Rexx M-Sharon Elaine Sherwood
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN GEOLOGY M-David J Baumgarten M-Rick A. Carlson
M-Chris A. Watson
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN GEOPHYSICS A-Dean Mark Childs
MASTER OF ARTS IN INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES
D-Sharon Orlena Harleman Tandy
MASTER OF ARTS IN INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES,
SYSTEMS OF CARE FOR CHILDREN/YOUTH M-Kathleen Mary Berg
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES
M-Bradley M. Damschen A-Sonu Elizabeth Mathews
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES,
ADDICTIONS STUDIES M-Mark Scott Tipton
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES,
COMMUNITY ISSUES AND ADMINISTRATION IN GERONTOLOGY
M-Kathleen D. Gardner
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES,
PERSPECTIVES ON ANTI-CANCER DRUG DEVELOPMENT
M-Julie Lin Brown
MASTER OF MUSIC, PEDAGOGY M-Catherine Elizabeth Brenda Adey D-Nadine Michalscheck Reece D-Marilyn Ward Foutz D-Michael G. Wiebe
MASTER OF MUSIC, PERFORMANCE M-Carole M. Knight M-Susan K. Mayer
A-Alan Douglas Whitten
M = MAY, 1999 D = DECEMBER, 1998 A = AUGUST, 1998 S.D. = SECOND DEGREE
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ANNOUNCEMENTS
Guests are requested to remain in the seating areas during the entire ceremony including the processional and recessional.
EMERGENCY CARE - For medical emergencies, please check with ushers.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Commencement Committee expresses its special appreciation to The Potting Shed and Ric's Capital City Florist, Inc. for arranging the plants and flowers for the ceremonies, and Chappell Studios for providing photographs to the graduates.
The program cover was designed by Adele Thomsen, Boise State University Printing & Graphic Services.
ACADEMIC DRESS
For centuries academic dress has been associated with learning. Its origin is considered to be ecclesiastical, though the gown of the medieval scholar may have developed out of the ordinary civilian costume of an earlier period . The medieval scholar was often a monk, who found the hood and gown a protection against the cold of his cell. The sleeves of his gown were used for carrying his books and supplies.
In the United States, three types of gowns and three types of hoods have been devised for the bachelors, masters, and doctors, respectively. The square caps are the same except that the doctor's may be made of velvet and have a tassel of gold.
The distinguishing characteristic of the gowns is the sleeves: pointed and hanging to the knee, for the bachelor; closed (the arm coming through a slit at the elbow), square at the end, extending well below the knee, for the master; full, round, open, bell-shaped, adorned with three bars of velvet, for the doctor.
The colors on the hoods represent two things: the wearer's Alma Mater and the department of learning. The lining of silk is in the color or colors of the college or university granting the degree. The trimming of velvet is the color that represents the department of learning in which the degree was obtained. The velvet trimming on a doctor's gown may also be of the departmental color or it may be black.
Agriculture ............................................................................ ........ .. ... .......... Maize Medicine ......... ... ...... ............ .. ... .. ..... ...... .... ........ ............... ... ........... ....... .... ... Green Arts, Letters, Humanities ..................... .............. .. ...... ........ ........ .. ........... ... White Music ............. .... .......... ...... ....... ........... .... ......... ............................................... Pink Business Administration ...................... ...... ........... ...... ............ ........ ..... ....... Drab Nursing ....................... .. .. .. ....... ......... ... .......... ........... .. .... ... ... .............. ....... Apricot Dentistry .......... ........... ........... ... .. .......... ... .. ....... ............ ..... ........ ........ ..... ..... .. . Lilac Speech .......... ... ... ...... ..... ..... .... ......... ..... ........... .. ........ .. .. ... .. ................. .silver Gray Economics .......... ................ .... ..... ..... ......... ... .. ............ .......... ........... ... ....... . Copper Pharmacy .. .... ........ .... .......... ......... ... ........ .. .. .............. ........ ....... ... .... ... Olive Green Education .............................. ... .. ............................ .. .... ......... .. .............. Light Blue Philosophy .. ........ ....... ........... .... .... ........ .... .. .... .......... ........ .. ............ ...... Dark Blue Engineering ............... .. ... .. .................. .. ... .. .................. ... ......... .. .. .. .. ........ .. Orange Physical Education ....... ............................... .... ... ...... ............. .... ....... .sage Green Fine Arts, Architecture ...... ................. .......... .. ........ ................. .............. .... Brown Public Administration ...... ........ ........... .. ........... ........... ............. ..... Peaco*ck Blue Forestry ......... ........ ..................... ... .. ..... .. ...... ... ... ... .. ................. .... .... .. ........ Russett Public Health ..... ........................ .. ... ... .............. ................................ Salmon Pink Home Economics ...... .. ............. .... ......... .......................... .. .... ... .......... ...... Maroon Science ...... ....... ...... ... ................ .. .................... .... .... ....................... Golden Yellow Journalism ............. .................. .. ....................................... ... .. ............ .... .. Crimson Social Science ......... .............. .. ............ .. .......... ................. ..... ... ... ... ............. . Citron Law .. ..... .. ...... .... .............. ...................... .. .... .... ... ........ .... ......... .. ......... ... ....... Purple Theology .......... ... ................ .......... ....... ..... ................. ............................... . .scarlet Library Science ..... .......................... .. .... ........ ... ... ...... ... ...... .. .. .. .................. Lemon Veterinary Science ..... .......... ........ .......... ... .. ....... .................... ....................... Gray